Form- It is best analyzed by dividing the three-dimensional house into two separate two dimensional components; the ground plan and the elevation plan. There are also many different shapes the form of the house can be including: massed plans, heating, irregular plans, and integral garages.
Structure- Structure is a more technical element that is useful for identifying and understanding individual components of American Homes. Structure is what gives houses their characteristic forms and styles. There are many different components to the structure of a house including: walls, wall cladding, framing, roofs, windows, chimneys, porches, decorative details, and more.
Ground Plan- The ground plan is viewed from above, seeing the exterior walls.
Elevation- Elevation is made by the roof, walls, and details viewed as they normally would, from the ground level.
Wall Systems:
Joinery- Are the wooden components of a building all viewed at the same time. They could be stairs, doors, doorframes, and window frames.
Masonry- A highly durable form of constructing a building from individual units laid and bound together by mortar. Some materials that could be used in this include: granite, brick, stone, limestone, marble, glass, and concrete.
Stick- A construction method from the late 19th century.
Roof Shapes- There are many different roof shapes including shapes from the gabled family, the hipped family, and the flat family.
Section Silhouette:
Flats- Can either be symmetrical or asymmetrical. They can also include a pent or visor.
Gable- Is a triangular portion of the wall between the edges of a sloping roof. Four different forms of gables: Side, Front(tri), Cross(gable front and wings), and centered.
Hipped- Means having a sharp edge from the ridge to the eaves where too sides meet. It can either be a steep pitch, moderate or varied pitch, or a low pitch.
Wall Cladding- The exterior surface of a wall, a material used to cover the exterior wall of a building, also referred to as siding.
Roof Systems:
Metal- Is a lightweight and portable roofing system. It could be made out of copper, aluminum, or stone coated steel.
Shingle- It is a thin piece of material that is laid overlapped in rows to cover either the roof or sides of a house/building. It can be made out of materials like wood or slate. They could either be plain or patterned how they are laid.
Tile- Included rounded tiles that were usually red, or flat pantiles.
Façade- Is one side of an exterior of a building. It is usually the front, but can also be the sides or back.
Roof Slopes- A roof can have one of three slopes: low slopes that are less than 30 degrees, normal slopes that are 30-40 degrees, or a steep slope which is more than 45 degrees. These slopes can also be either hipped or gabled.
Fenestrations:
Window- A wall opening that provides light and ventilation for the interior of a place. There are many different components and sash operations including a sliding window, awning window or pivot window, to name a few.
Door- A door is the opening that someone can get in and out of a place. There are many different doorway components including panels, casing, glazing, and the decorative crown. Also the doors can either be glazed, unglazed, or paneled.
Trim- Is additional decoration that can be added to house along the edges of either the outside or inside of a home.
Chimney- They are hollowed columns of masonry that provide a restricted exit for smoke and fumes that can come from the kitchen or heating fires.
Porch-a sheltered entranceway that could be enclosed or partially open.
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